1. Burning Copyright Protected Dvds

CD/DVD copy protection is a blanket term for various methods of for. Such methods include, CD-checks, Dummy Files, illegal tables of contents, over-sizing or over-burning the CD, physical errors and bad sectors. Many protection schemes rely on breaking compliance with CD and DVD standards, leading to playback problems on some devices.Protection schemes rely on distinctive features that:.

Freeware: DVDShrink/DVD Decrypter Duo. Click 'OK' to begin the copy process. If the DVD movie that you are copying is larger than 4.7 GB, it will be analyzed to provide a better quality copy with the compression used. Once the disc is encoded on the hard drive, DVD Decrypter will take over to begin the burning process.

can be applied to a medium during the manufacturing process, so that a protected medium is distinguishable from an unprotected one. cannot be faked, copied, or retroactively applied to an unprotected medium using typical hardware and software. This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged. ( October 2018) Filesystems / Dummy files Most CD-ROMs use the to organize the available storage space for use by a computer or player. This has the effect of establishing directories (i.e., folders) and files within those directories. Usually, the filesystem is modified to use extensions intended to overcome limitations in the ISO9660 filesystem design.

These include, and extensions. These are, however, compatible additions to the underlying ISO9660 structure, not complete replacements or modifications. The most basic approach for a distinctive feature is to purposely fake some information within the filesystem. Early generations of software copied every single file one by one from the original medium and re-created a new filesystem on the target medium.Sectors A sector is the primary data structure on a CD-ROM accessible to external software (including the OS).

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On a Mode-1 CD-ROM, each sector contains 2048 bytes of user-data (content) and 304 bytes of structural information. Among other things, the structural information consists of. the sector number, the sector's relative and absolute logical position. an (EDC), which is an advanced used to detect (if possible) read-errors. an (ECC), an advanced method of detecting and correcting errorsUsing the EDC and ECC information, the drive can detect and repair many (but not all) types of read-error.Copy protections can use these fields as a distinctive feature by purposely crafting sectors with improper EDC/ECC fields during manufacture.

The protection software tries to read those sectors, awaiting read-errors. As early generations of end-user soft/hardware were not able to generate sectors with illegal structural information, this feature could not be re-generated with such soft/hardware. If the sectors forming the distinctive feature have become readable, the medium is presumed to be a copy.A modification of this approach uses large regions of unreadable sectors with small islands of readable ones interspersed. Most software trying to copy protected media will skip intervals of sectors when confronted with unreadable ones, expecting them all to be bad.

In contrast to the original approach, the protection scheme expects the sectors to be readable, supposing the medium to be a copy when read-errors occur.Sub-channels Beside the main-channel which holds all of the user-data, a CD-ROM contains a set of eight sub-channels where certain meta-information can be stored. (For an audio CD, the user-data is the audio itself; for a data CD, it is the filesystem and file data.) One of the sub-channels — the Q-channel — states the drive's current position relative to the beginning of the CD and the current track. This was designed for Audio-CDs (which for a few years were the only CDs), where this information is used to keep the drive on track; nevertheless the Q-channel is filled even on Data-CDs. Another sub-channel, the P-channel (which is the first of the subchannels) carries even more primitive information—a sort of semaphore—indicating the points where each track starts.As every Q-channel field contains a 16-bit checksum over its content, copy protection can yet again use this field to distinguish between an original medium and a copy. Early generations of end-user soft/hardware calculated the Q-channel by themselves, not expecting them to carry any valuable information.Modern software and hardware are able to write any information given into the subchannels Q and P.Twin sectors This technique exploits the way the sectors on a CD-ROM are addressed and how the drive seeks from one sector to another. On every CD-ROM the sectors state their logical absolute and relative position in the corresponding sector-headers. The drive can use this information when it is told to retrieve or seek to a certain sector.

Main article:Stamped CDs are perfect clones and have the data always at the same position, whereas writable media differ from each other. (DPM) detects these little physical differences to efficiently protect against duplicates. DPM was first used publicly in 1996 by Link Data Security's CD-Cops.

Burning Copyright Protected Dvds

SecuROM 4 and later uses this protection method, as do.Changes that followed The Red Book audio specification does not include any mechanism other than a simple. Starting in early 2002, attempts were made by record companies to market 'copy-protected' non-standard compact discs.

Philips stated that such discs were not permitted to bear the Compact Disc Digital Audio logo because they violate the Red Book specification. There was great public outcry over copy-protected discs because many saw it as a threat to.

For example, audio tracks on such media cannot be easily added to a personal music collection on a computer's or a portable (non-CD) music player. Also, many ordinary CD audio players (e.g. In car radios) had problems playing copy-protected media, mostly because they used hardware and components also used in drives. The reason for this reuse is cost efficiency; the components meet the Red Book standard, so no valid reason existed not to use them. Other car stereos that supported CD-ROM discs containing compressed audio files (such as MP3, FLAC, or Windows Media) had to use some CD-ROM drive hardware (meeting the Yellow Book standard) in order to be capable of reading those discs.In late 2005, sparked the when it included a form of copy protection called ('XCP') on discs from 52 artists. Upon inserting such a disc in the CD drive of a computer running, the XCP software would be installed.

If software (or other software, such as a real-time effects program, that reads digital audio from the disc in the same way as a CD ripper) were to subsequently access the music tracks on the CD, XCP would substitute for the audio on the disc.Technically inclined users and computer security professionals found that XCP contains a component. After installation, XCP went to great lengths to disguise its existence, and it even attempted to disable the computer's CD drive if XCP was forcibly removed. XCP's efforts to cloak itself unfortunately allowed writers of to amplify the damage done by their software, hiding the malware under XCP's cloak if XCP had been installed on the victim's machine. Several publishers of and anti- software updated their products to detect and remove XCP if found, on the grounds that it is a or other; and an assistant secretary for the United States' chastised companies that would cause security holes on customers' computers, reminding the companies that they do not own the computers.Facing resentment and class action lawsuits Sony BMG issued a product recall for all discs including XCP, and announced it was suspending use of XCP on future discs. On November 21, 2005 the Texas Attorney General sued Sony BMG for XCP and on December 21, 2005 sued Sony BMG for copy protection. United Kingdom position The provisions of law allow for redress to users of Audio CDs with Copyright-Protection. The contain provisions within section 296ZE part VII that allow for 'remedy where effective technological measures prevent permitted acts'.In practice, the consumer would put forward a complaint to the holder of the Audio CD, usually a.

The complaint would contain a request to the holder of the copyright to provide a 'work-around' in order to make use of the copy-protected CD, in the nature that a non-copyright protected CD would be used lawfully. Where the believes the copyright holder has not been reasonable in entertaining the request, they are within the rights of the act to make an application to the to review the merits of the complaint and instruct the copyright holder to implement a work-around circumventing the copyright protection.Schedule 5A of the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 lists the permitted acts, to which the provisions of section 296ZE apply (where the consumer can use the remedy of copyright protection).See also.References.

Contents.Commercial CD protection schemes Requires the user to enter CD-code (or reads embedded CD-code) that describes geometry of CD to correctly locate data on the disc. Adds unique digital signature at the time of manufacturing which is designed to be difficult to copy or transfer so that software is able to detect copied media.

SafeCast The encryption key will expire after pre-determined date so the media can be used only temporarily. Also used to implement trial editions of programs. Limits the number of PCs activated at the same time from the same key. StarForce Asks for Serial ID at install or startup to verify the license. Verifies authentic copy by checking existence of 'twin sectors' which are sectors with same logical address but different data.

However, twin sectors may be hard to read in order to copy but are easy to write. Commercial DVD protection schemes Adds pulses to analog video signals to negatively impact the circuit of a recording device so the images on copied DVDs becomes garbled. Inserting corrupted sectors in areas where normal players will not access but ripping software does to trigger errors during replication. Writing barcode in circular area near the center of the disc (referred to as burst cutting area) which cannot be written without using special equipment.

See CD-Cops in previous section. Restricts region where media can be played by matching region number with configuration flag in DVD players. Includes hidden directory on the CD containing corrupted data which will cause errors while being copied. ProtectDISC Software Adds unique digital signature to the CD or DVD that cannot be transferred from copy to copy. A solution for software and games on CD or DVD provided. ProtectDISC Video Prevents ripping software to analyze the structure of the DVD.

A solution for Video-DVDs provided. See SafeDisc (versions 1-5) in previous section.

See previous section. See previous section. Commercial Audio CD/DVD protection schemes By intentionally violating CD Digital Audio standards, such as erroneous disc navigation and corrupted data, prevents successful ripping of the data. However, the original disc itself does not play correctly in some CD/DVD players. Wavy data track Discs' data track is wavy instead of straight, so only discs with the same wavy-shaped data track will be playable. Installs software on the computer after agreement to at the first time the media is inserted, and the software will watch for any ripper software trying to access the CD-drive.

This copy protection can be defeated simply by using a computer that is not running, not using an account with administrative privileges, or preventing the installer from running, and has long since been discontinued due to a caused by the software behaving identically to a. Another deliberate violation of the Red Book standard intended to make the CD play only on CD players and not on computers by applying bogus data track onto the disc during manufacturing, which CD players will ignore as non-audio tracks. The system could be disabled by tracing the outer edge of a CD with a felt-tip marker. Installs software on the computer that tries to play the media so other software cannot read data directly from audio discs in the CD-ROM drive.

Silently installing software on a computer created a controversy about modifying a computer's behaviour without a user's consent. Console CD protection schemes Multiple (TOC) made normal cd player to not read beyond first track. However, one could read GD-ROM on CD reader by swapping the disc after reading fake TOC. Creates fake scratches on the disk image which copying programs will automatically try to fix. Instead of alerting the user that the copied disc is detected, the program will play the game in buggy manner. (CD-ROM) The authority pattern pressed on internal circumference of the media, which could not be copied, is used to detect authorized copies.

Some titles also uses Libcrypt mechanism to validate the disc by using as magic number to subroutines. (CD-ROM, DVD-ROM) A map file that contains all of the exact positions and file size info of the disc is stored at a position that is beyond the file limit.

The game calls this place directly so that burned copy with no data beyond file limit cannot be played. Since no blank media or writer exists, the media itself cannot be copied, but one could make (a file version of the UMD) on a memory card. The unique format also made the media difficult to adapt and expensive. (DVD) It has been theorized that the discs have a second partition that is read from the outside in (opposite current standards thus making the second partition unreadable in PC DVD drives). Also, the Xbox is said to use a different DVD file system (instead of UDF).

References.